Fall Detection System for the Elderly Based on the Classification of Shimmer Sensor Prototype Data / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: Falling in the elderly is considered a major cause of death. In recent years, ambient and wireless sensor platforms have been extensively used in developed countries for the detection of falls in the elderly. However, we believe extra efforts are required to address this issue in developing countries, such as Pakistan, where most deaths due to falls are not even reported. Considering this, in this paper, we propose a fall detection system prototype that s based on the classification on real time shimmer sensor data. METHODS: We first developed a data set, ‘SMotion’ of certain postures that could lead to falls in the elderly by using a body area network of Shimmer sensors and categorized the items in this data set into age and weight groups. We developed a feature selection and classification system using three classifiers, namely, support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and neural network (NN). Finally, a prototype was fabricated to generate alerts to caregivers, health experts, or emergency services in case of fall. RESULTS: To evaluate the proposed system, SVM, KNN, and NN were used. The results of this study identified KNN as the most accurate classifier with maximum accuracy of 96% for age groups and 93% for weight groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this paper, a classification-based fall detection system is proposed. For this purpose, the SMotion data set was developed and categorized into two groups (age and weight groups). The proposed fall detection system for the elderly is implemented through a body area sensor network using third-generation sensors. The evaluation results demonstrate the reasonable performance of the proposed fall detection prototype system in the tested scenarios.

Maxillofaciqal rehabilitation of a large cleft palate using fixed-removable prosthesis

Maxillofacial defects either congenital or acquired, lead to a marked loss of both the functional efficiency and aesthetic profile of the affected individuals. Plastic surgery and tissue reconstruction is the treatment of choice. However, in certain clinical scenarios, removable and/or fixed obturator prosthesis can be the only option available. The management of these critical cases should be planned after a detailed investigation and diagnosis, evaluation of the subject's expectations and demands, socioeconomic status, available technical facilities and utilization of a multi-disciplinary team approach. This report discusses the intra oral rehabilitation of a complete, unilateral cleft palate along with dento-alveolar rehabilitation. A fixed-removable prosthesis was provided to gain functional as well as aesthetic results without extensive surgical correction

Oral stereognostic ability in hypodontia patients

Hypodontia is congenital absence of one or more, but not all, of the normal complement of teeth. It is one of the most frequent alterations of human dentition. Hypodontia either alone or association with craniofacial developmental disorders can pose speech and masticatory dysfunctions along with aesthetic and functional problems. Oral Stereognostic ability can be used to diagnose and predict the prognosis of different treatment modalities in hypodontia patients. To compare oral Stereognostic ability in hypodontia patients with those having normal dentition. Case Control study, conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, de'Montmorency College of Dentistry/ Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Forty hypodontia subjects were selected. Forty dental students of third and final year with normal dentition were selected as controls. Oral Stereognostic ability scores were calculated using specific test samples for both groups. This study showed that oral Stereognostic ability scores were reduced in hypodontia subjects with a significant p value<0.001. It confirms that hypodontia subjects had some difficulty in perceiving the intra oral objects. Oral Stereognostic ability was impaired in hypodontia subjects; correction at early age might improve the case

Oral health related quality of life in complete dentures

Oral health related quality of life [OHRQoL] has been considered as an outcome measure to assess consequences of edentulism and available treatment options. The oral health impact profile [OHIP] is one of the most technically sophisticated instruments designed to measure OHRQoL. Objective of the study was to assess the OHRQoL before and after the provision of complete denture. It was a case series study done at the Department of Prosthodontics, de, Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore from 15-07-2006 to 14-07-2007. One hundred edentulous subjects were studied. All subjects completed the OHIP-14 questionnaire before and after provision of complete dentures. The responses were compared on Likert scale. In majority of subjects, pre treatment responses in OHIP-14 questionnaire were at the higher end, indicating the negative impacts on the OHRQoL. The post provision responses showed a significant improvement. The study suggested that provision of complete dentures in subjects having positive attitude towards the removable prostheses had positive impacts on OHRQoL

Drug sensitivity pattern of salmonella thphi

To evaluate the susceptibility pattern of Salmonella typhi to different drugs in a tertiary care hospital at Karachi. Descriptive study. Clinical pathology laboratory of National Institute of Child Health, Karachi from May 2004 to June 2005. Eighty isolates of Salmonella typhi grown from blood cultures were included in the study. These isolates were identified by routine culture technique and later confirmed by slide agglutination method. Sensitivity for the following antibiotics ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin ceftriaxone and cefixime was measured by Kirby Baur method. The isolates were found to be resistant to ampicillin 52.5%, chloramphenicol 45%, cotrimoxazole 57.5%, ciprofloxacin 48.75%, ceftriaxone and cefixime 0%. Among 80 isolates, 38 [47.5%] were sensitive to first line of drugs, out of which, 11[28.94%] were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Among 80 isolates, 42 [52.5%] were resistant to first line of drugs. Out of 42 MDRS, 29[69.04%] were resistant to ciprofloxacin. It may be concluded that the trend of resistant strains of Salmonella typhi against newer drugs has reached to an alarming situation. Instead of waiting for newer drugs to come into market, we should use with care what we already have